Play Framework11 min read
Modelling a Play Framework application beyond controllers and JSON
A practical route from untrusted HTTP input to validated domain commands, explicit service outcomes and stable Play JSON responses.
Read articleInsights
Knowledge and insights.
Technical articles on languages, databases, serverless platforms and the awkward realities of keeping systems moving.
Showing 1–6 of 6 Architecture articles
Testing strategy17 min read
Unit and integration testing: choose the boundary that proves the behaviour
How unit and integration tests provide different evidence, where mocks and real adapters belong, and how to build a suite that stays fast without testing away production risk.
Read articleRelational modelling16 min read
Database normalisation in practice: model each fact once
A practical guide to functional dependencies, update anomalies, first through third normal form, join tables, historical facts and deliberate denormalisation in PostgreSQL applications.
Read articleTypeScript16 min read
Handling asynchronous code in TypeScript without losing control
How to compose promises, preserve useful errors, cancel obsolete work, limit concurrency and test asynchronous behaviour without timing-dependent tests.
Read articleScala architecture13 min read
Keep application boundaries typed until the edge
Why returning JsValue from a service and hiding data shapes behind aliases can weaken a Scala application—and how to keep Play HTTP, domain and persistence contracts explicit.
Read articleBackend maintainability16 min read
Why backend services become difficult to change
A technical guide to the boundaries, hidden effects, data compatibility, tests, builds and production feedback that determine whether a backend change is safe or expensive.
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